Fact sheet. Information guide. Clinical summary guide. You are here Mens health. Male infertility. What is male infertility? How common is infertility?
What are the symptoms of male infertility? What causes male infertility? Other less common causes of infertility include: Sexual problems that affect whether semen is able to enter the vagina one in infertile couples Low levels of hormones made in the pituitary gland a hormone controller in the brain that affect the testicles one in infertile men Sperm antibodies proteins that fight against sperm, which are found in one in 16 infertile men.
Sometimes, male infertility is simply genetic. What are the genetic causes of male infertility? How is infertility diagnosed? What are the treatments for infertility? Can I do anything to prevent male infertility? Can older age cause male fertility problems?
How to cope with infertility. Turning to family, partners and friends for support can also help. Questions to ask your doctor If my semen analysis comes back normal, will you do some other tests?
What lifestyle changes could help improve my sperm quality? Things to think about before your appointment How long have you and your partner been trying to conceive? Fact sheet Genetic causes of male infertility fact sheet. Download PDF. Information guide Male infertility information guide. Some men have problems getting an erection, called erectile dysfunction, which makes having sex difficult.
A condition called retrograde ejaculation can also cause infertility. This condition causes sperm to move into the bladder instead of out of the penis. Some medications increase the likelihood of this problem. Conditions That Affect Sperm Formation. Some of the more common issues include: 4 Chromosome defects Diabetes Hyperprolactinemia pronounced hi-purr-proh-lak-tih-NEE-mee-ah , which is overproduction of a hormone called prolactin made by the pituitary gland Injury to the testicle Insensitivity to hormones called androgens, which include testosterone Swelling of the testicles from infections such as mumps, gonorrhea, or chlamydia Chromosome disorder called Klinefelter syndrome Thyroid problems Cryptorchidism pronounced krip-TAWR-ki-diz-uhm , which occurs when one or both testicles are not descended Varicocele, which is the enlargement of veins in the scrotum; enlarged veins disrupt the blood flow in the testicle and cause an increase in temperature, which negatively affects sperm production.
Conditions That Affect Sperm Transport. Quick facts about infertility. American Family Physician, 75 , — Jarow, J. The evaluation of the azoospermic male: Best practice statement reviewed and revised Health Home Conditions and Diseases.
Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system. It makes a person unable to have children. It can affect a man, a woman, or both. Male infertility means that a man has a problem with his reproductive system.
It means you cannot start a pregnancy with your female partner. What causes male infertility? Natural male reproduction depends on several things. You must be able to: Make healthy sperm that can fertilize the egg Have an erection and ejaculate so the sperm reaches the egg Problems with either of these may mean you have infertility. Sperm disorders Problems with making healthy sperm are the most common causes of male infertility.
This problem may be caused by many different conditions, including: Infections or inflammatory conditions. One example is infection with the mumps virus after puberty. Hormone or pituitary gland problems Immune problems in which you make antibodies against your own sperm Environmental and lifestyle factors.
These include tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, use of marijuana or steroids, or exposure to toxins. Genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or hemochromatosis Structural problems Anything that blocks the genital tract can stop the flow of semen. Other factors Other factors may include erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation. Who is at risk for male infertility? You may be more likely to have male infertility if you have had: Past inflammation of the prostate or past genital infections Injury to or twisting torsion of the testicles Early or late puberty Exposure of the genitals to high temperatures Hernia repair Undescended testicles You may also be at risk if you take certain prescription medicines.
What are the symptoms of male infertility? Your healthcare provider will test both you and your partner to find the cause of infertility.
How is male infertility diagnosed? Other tests for male infertility may include: Sperm count semen analysis.
At least 2 semen samples are taken on separate days. Your provider will check the semen and sperm for many things. These include how much semen you make, how uniform it is, and how acidic it is. He or she will also look at how many sperm you make, how well they move, and what shape they are. Blood tests. Your provider may use blood tests to check hormone levels and rule out other problems.
Other tests. Your provider does these tests to find the cause of sperm defects or health problems of the male reproductive system.
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