College or university students might misuse Ritalin because they think it will help them focus better on their studies by making it easier to pay attention and stay alert. Some people who misuse Ritalin might feel high or excited, even when only low doses are taken. Others feel more excited when a high dose is taken. When misused, the drug can make people feel more alert or sleepier. Very high doses can make you very agitated and restless and confused delirious.
You could have seizures, serious heart rhythm changes, and even end up in a coma. People who misuse high doses of Ritalin every day can become paranoid or hallucinate. This seems to go away when they stop using the drug but this may take some time. Sometimes these effects don't completely go away.
These fillers can get into the lungs and cause breathing problems or lung disease. People who misuse Ritalin for a long time eventually need to take more of the drug to get the same effects tolerance. They can get dependent on the way it makes them feel.
They can also become physically dependent. These stimulants increase concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain, which enhances communication between brain cells. Effectively, this makes the mind work more efficiently, requiring less effort to get a task done. ADHD is not a categorical diagnosis but a continuum.
This means although some people clearly have ADHD and some clearly do not, there are many shades of grey between the two extremes. It is therefore not surprising stimulants also improve mental efficiency in people without ADHD. The main difference is people with ADHD have more concentration problems and therefore show more scope for improvement on stimulants. ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in primary school, and the child is usually started on treatment at this time.
Both methylphenidate and dexamphetamine come in immediate-release tablets which last for around three to six hours; dexamphetamine lasts slightly longer than methylphenidate. After taking a dose, the drug concentration rises to a maximum and then falls. Everyone has their own therapeutic range, which is the concentration the drug has to be in order to be effective. The doctor normally establishes the appropriate dose by starting at a low dose and gradually increasing it over several weeks to find the most effective dose.
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