The boy, who has prepared for the ceremony by spending a lot of time studying it, reads from the Torah. The boy puts on the tefillin for the first time. The rabbi gives a talk, speaking to both the boy and his family and to the rest of the community. The boy might also give a talk to the people gathered. The boy receives gifts and there is a celebratory meal. The first use of bar mitzvah for the Jewish coming-of-age ritual seems to date to a 15th-century rabbi named Menahem Ziyyoni.
The bar mitzvah ceremony at that time was a modest affair with two or three major components. The bar mitzvah boy, however, was not expected to read from the Torah, chant the Prophetic portion associated with it, known as the Haftarah, or lead any part of the prayer service, as so many do today. Those elements came later , in the 18th and 19th centuries , when the bar mitzvah grew in importance for the Jewish communities of Europe, North America and the Caribbean.
As traditional Jewish communal authority weakened during the Enlightenment period, newly emancipated Jews across the globe became citizens with civil and political rights. The community is very important in the Jewish faith, and Bar Mitzvahs are merely extensions of those values. These are celebrations and rituals that promote togetherness, their culture, and the importance of faith.
These ceremonies usher in young people into their congregation while binding them to their faith. The tradition is taken so seriously that thousands of dollars can be spent on the ceremony and celebrations after. The celebrations of a Bat Mitzvah are unrestrained and joyful, yet also threaded through with tradition. Modern celebrations take place in large venues and have music, dancing, food, drinks: you name it. Guests bring gifts, sometimes cash in the multiples of 18 because it sounds like the Hebrew word for life.
Then followed a gala feast, called s'udat mitzvah "meal of celebrating the performance of a mitzvah" , to which family, friends, and sometimes the entire Jewish community would be invited. In short, then, almost all the elements we associate with the modern bar mitzvah ceremony were present by the Middle Ages. Learn more about the origins of b'nai mitzvah.
Starting in the second or third century C. As with age 13 for boys, 12 probably corresponded with their onset of puberty. However, girls were subject to far fewer commandments than boys.
Today, liberal Jews affirm the total equality of women in terms of religious privileges and responsibilities. In the s, Reform Judaism abolished bar mitzvah in favor of confirmation for both boys and girls bat mitzvah was not considered an option at that time.
Within the 19th-century traditional community, some families held a s'udat mitzvah for a daughter on her 12th birthday, with the girl sometimes delivering a talk and her father reciting the Baruch Sheptarani. Reform Judaism which had by this time reintroduced bar mitzvah and then Conservative congregations quickly adopted bat mitzvah, though in slightly different forms. In Reform synagogues, girls and boys mark symbolic entry into Jewish adulthood at age thirteen.
The bar or bar mitzvah is usually celebrated on the Shabbat closest to the child's thirteenth birthday. Congregations usually schedule these dates a couple of years in advance, giving the family plenty of time to plan for the day.
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